托福语法详解

   托福语法和词汇对于托福写作部分来说都非常重要。为了让大家可以在写作部分拿到理想的成绩，正确掌握语法的结果，我们给大家分享一些语法小知识，希望对大家有帮助，一起来看看吧~

句子

句子是至少有一个主语和一个动词，并能表述完整意义的词的组合。下列示例则不是完整的句子。

示例

are able to change color. 缺少主语

Many species of reptiles to camouflage themselves. 缺少谓语动词

The chameleon lizard has. 缺少宾语

主语Subject

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首

示例

Peppa and George love feeding bread to ducks. 名词作主语

She left without a word. 代词作主语

To see is to believe. 不定时作主语

Seeing is believing. 动名词作主语

What he said is not the truth. 主语从句作主语

谓语Predicate

对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明

示例

She left without a word. 动词

George jumped into the muddy puddles. 动词短语

George can play ukulele. 情态动词+动词

George doesn’t agree with Peppa. 助动词+动词短语

宾语Object

动作的承受者

示例

I hope to see you again.

I gave himwhat he asked for. 双宾语

Give the dogsome dog food. 双宾语

表语Predicative

系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征

常见的系动词：

（1）be/become/get

（2）感官动词

feel/look/taste/smell/remain/sound

示例

I love you. 主谓宾

I am young. 主系表

The lizard looks beautiful. 主系表

定语Attributive

修饰或限定名词或代词的词、词组、句子

示例

The man over there is my father. 副词作定语

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 形容词作定语

The woman with a baby is my aunt. 介词短语作定语

The tree planted last year is growing well. 过去分词作定语

I have an idea to solvethe problem. 不定时作定语

There are thirty girls in our class. 数词作定语

状语Adverbial

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征

示例

George lives on the first floor. 地点状语

George goes to school at six o’clock. 时间状语

George was late because the alarm clock didn’t work. 原因状语

George will feed the duck if it doesn’t rain. 条件状语

In order to lose weight，George didn’t have dinner. 目的状语

George is doing homework though he is sleepy. 让步状语

补语Complement

进一步说明主语和宾语

示例

George was found singing in the bathroom. 主补

We found George singing in the bathroom. 宾补

We believe George to be innocent. 宾补

Her brother is called George. 主补

George found the bonbon box empty. 宾补

George saw his water reflected in the water. 宾补

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