首页 >> GMAT>>GMAT RC高难度文章该怎么理解?
时间:2022-02-19 729 16人参与
毕业于毕业于四川外国语大学,进修于美国威廉玛丽学院,拥有7年雅思口语/听力,托福口语科目教学经验,7年出国语言课程培训经验;雅思总分8分;剑桥大学英语教师资格证(CELTA)及TKT;英语专业八级;BEC商务英语高级学员出分率99.7%,学生好评分4.96分(满分5分)
GMAT想要拿到一个不错的分数并不是一件容易的事。在GMAT考试的阅读理解部分中,掌握高难度文章的应对方法可以在一定程度上帮助我们拿到更好的成绩,一起来看看吧~~~
例题讲解
Anthropologists once thought that the ancestors of modern humans began to walk upright because it freed their hands to use stone tools, which they had begun to make as the species evolved a brain of increased size and mental capacity.
【人类学家观点:头变大--智力增加--制作工具--解放双手--直立行走】
But discoveries of the three-million-year-
old fossilized remains of our hominid ancestor Australopithecus have yielded substantial anatomical evidence that upright walking appeared prior to the dramatic enlargement of the brain and the development of stone tools.
【作者反驳:Au可以证明直立行走出现得比头变大更早】
第一段的内容很好理解,但是第二段的脉络就不太清晰,全是零散的事实,但是却无法联系起来,也无法和第一段的内容联系起来,此时应该怎么办呢?Step1:根据句间关系总结段落重点。
Walking on two legs in an upright posture (bipedal locomotion) is a less efficient proposition than walking on all fours (quadrupedal locomotion) because several muscle groups that the quadruped uses for propulsion must instead to provide the biped with stability and control. The shape and configuration of various bones must likewise be modified to allow the muscles to perform these functions in upright walking.
【阅读这两句话,发现全都是在讨论两足行走后,骨骼和肌肉会变化】
Reconstruction of the pelvis (hipbones) and femur (thighbone) of “Lucy”, a three-million-year-
old skeleton that is the most complete fossilized skeleton from the australopithecine era, has shown that they are much more like the corresponding bones of the modern human than like those of the most closely related living primate, the quadrupedal chimpanzee.
【这句话仍然在强调骨骼相关事实,即au的骨骼和人类骨骼一致】
Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better suited to bipedal walking than is
the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern human, 【au的盆骨比人类盆骨更适合两足行走】
which evolved to form the larger birth canal needed to accommodate the head
of a large-brained human infant.
【人类盆骨之所以这样是因为要生大头baby(需要更宽的产道)】
By contrast, the head of Lucy’s baby could have been no larger than that of a baby chimpanzee.
通过step1,我们得到了以下内容:
两足行走后,骨骼和肌肉会发生变化Au的骨骼和人类一致Au的盆骨比人类盆骨更适合两足行走人类盆骨之所以这样是因为要生大头baby
总结完成后,进行step2:寻找重点之间的联系。很明显可以看出第一点和第二点都在讨论骨骼,既然两足行走后,骨骼会发生变化,那么人类已经是两足行走的了,说明骨骼已经变化,而Au骨骼与人类一致,说明Au是直立行走的。而第三点和第四点都在讨论盆骨,试图将这两点联系起来:人类盆骨之所以这样是因为要生大头baby,而Au盆骨与人类不一致,说明Au不需要生大头baby,所以推理出Au的头很小。
通过step2,我们将四个重点浓缩成两个重点:1.Au是直立行走的;2.Au的头很小。那么此时要进行step3:建立段间联系。即思考作者为什么要在第二段大费周章地告诉我们这两个重点,这两点与第一段的关系是什么。第一段主要讲了作者反对人类学家的观点这一事件,那么既然反对他人的观点,根据一般的叙事逻辑,之后应该给出作者反对他人观点的理由。此时,再与第二段内容联系起来,我们发现“Au是直立行走”,“Au的头很小”这两点刚好可以证明作者的观点,即Au可以证明直立行走出现得比头变大更早。那么我们就找到了第一段和第二段的联系,也理解了第二段的内在含义。
此时看到第三段:
If the small-brained australopithecines were not toolmakers, what evolutionary advantage did they gain by walking upright? 【au为什么两足行走?】
One theory is that bipedality evolved in conjunction with the nuclear family: monogamous parents cooperating to care for their offspring. Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance, allowing the mother to devote more time and energy to nurturing and protecting their children. 【核心家庭---合作育儿--爸爸采集食物(妈妈照顾小孩)--解放双手--直立行走】
According to this view, the transition to bipedal walking may have occurred as long as ten million years ago, at the time of the earliest hominids, making it a crucial initiating event in human evolution.
可以看到,第三段对于人类祖先为什么直立行走提出了另一种解释,此时step4:我们将这篇文章的结构和四大常见文章结构联系起来,不难看出,这篇文章正是一篇现象解释型的文章。现象(人类祖先为什么直立行走)--原因1(人类学家观点)--作者否定--原因2(最后一段理论),这就是这篇文章的整体结构。
所以最终我们也理解了这类文章的分析步骤,即:
Step1:根据句间关系总结段落重点。
Step2:寻找重点之间的联系
Step3:建立段间联系
Step4:套用常见结构
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